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Industry Expertise

Net-zero strategy for
engineering and manufacturing.

High energy consumption, complex raw material supply chains, CBAM compliance and growing customer ESG requirements are reshaping the competitive landscape for UK manufacturers. SBS delivers GHG Protocol and ISO 14064 aligned carbon reporting, reduction strategy and compliance support built around the specific emission sources and regulatory pressures your sector faces.

SECR compliance ESOS Phase 3 catch-up CBAM readiness ISO 14064 aligned Supply chain Scope 3
SECR
Mandatory for manufacturing businesses meeting size thresholds
CBAM
EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism now in transitional phase
50–75%
Typical proportion of manufacturing carbon in raw material supply chain
250+
Businesses supported through SBS programmes
High-energy operations and ESOS
Manufacturing processes are among the most energy-intensive in the UK economy. ESOS Phase 3 compliance was due December 2023 and many manufacturers remain non-compliant, facing increasing enforcement action.
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CBAM and export markets
The EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is in its transitional reporting phase. UK manufacturers exporting to the EU in covered categories face disclosure requirements now and financial obligations from 2026.
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Raw material supply chain complexity
Scope 3 Category 1 emissions from purchased raw materials typically represent 50–75% of a manufacturer's total carbon footprint, yet are the hardest category to measure accurately.
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Customer ESG requirements
Large manufacturers, retailers and public sector buyers are embedding supplier carbon data requirements into their procurement processes. Inability to provide credible Scope 1, 2 and 3 data means supply chain exclusion.
Why sector expertise matters

Manufacturing faces mounting pressure from every direction at once

Energy costs, carbon regulation, customer ESG requirements and export market obligations are converging simultaneously for UK manufacturers. ESOS Phase 3 enforcement is increasing. CBAM is creating product-level carbon disclosure requirements for EU exports. Large customers are embedding supplier carbon data requirements into procurement frameworks. And SECR requires annual public reporting for businesses above the size threshold.

SBS works from a GHG Protocol Corporate Standard and ISO 14064-1 aligned methodology adapted to manufacturing's specific characteristics: high Scope 1 process emissions, complex energy procurement, raw material supply chains and product lifecycle boundaries. We produce reporting that satisfies regulatory requirements, responds to customer demands and identifies the genuine reduction opportunities in your operations.

ESOS P3
Phase 3 compliance overdueESOS Phase 3 was due December 2023. Organisations in scope must have conducted an energy audit and notified the Environment Agency. Enforcement action and financial penalties are increasing.
CBAM
EU Carbon Border Adjustment MechanismFrom 2026, EU importers of steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers and hydrogen from the UK will pay a carbon price based on embedded emissions. UK exporters must begin gathering product carbon data now.
50–75%
Manufacturing Scope 3 in raw materialsFor most manufacturers, purchased raw materials represent the majority of total carbon emissions. Accurate Scope 3 Category 1 measurement is essential for both compliance and identifying the highest-leverage reduction opportunities.
SECR
Annual mandatory reportingManufacturers meeting two of three thresholds — 250 employees, £36m turnover, £18m balance sheet — must report Scope 1 and 2 emissions and energy use in their annual accounts.
Reporting frameworks

Mandatory, voluntary and emerging requirements

Understanding which frameworks apply to your manufacturing business, and when, is the first step to a credible compliance and competitive strategy.

Mandatory
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SECR — Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting

Applies to manufacturers meeting two of three size thresholds. Annual reporting of Scope 1 and 2 emissions and energy consumption in company accounts. Penalties apply for non-compliance and material misstatement.

SECR compliance →
Mandatory

ESOS Phase 3 — Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme

Compliance was due December 2023. Manufacturers in scope must have completed an energy audit covering operations, transport and buildings, and notified the Environment Agency. Enforcement and financial penalties are increasing.

ESOS compliance support →
Mandatory
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CBAM — Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

EU importers of goods from the UK in covered sectors — steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers, hydrogen, electricity — must report embedded carbon during the transitional phase. UK exporters in these sectors need product-level carbon data now.

CBAM readiness →
Voluntary
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GHG Protocol Corporate Standard

The global gold standard for carbon accounting. SBS aligns all manufacturing footprints to GHG Protocol, covering Scope 1 process emissions, Scope 2 purchased energy, and full Scope 3 across the value chain.

Our methodology →
Voluntary
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SBTi — Science Based Targets

Science-based target setting is increasingly required by large customers, investors and export market partners. The SBTi Corporate Net-Zero Standard requires absolute Scope 1, 2 and 3 reduction targets aligned to 1.5°C.

Target-setting support →
Voluntary
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ISO 14064-1 Aligned Reporting

Carbon footprints aligned to ISO 14064-1 meet the highest standards for independent verifiability. SBS reports are prepared for third-party verification to ISO 14064-3, essential for supply chain and investor credibility.

Our accreditations →
Emerging
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UK SRS / IFRS S1 & S2

Large manufacturers will face mandatory UK Sustainability Reporting Standards from 2026. Climate risk disclosure, Scope 3 supply chain data and scenario analysis will all be required. Early movers gain competitive advantage.

Prepare early →
Emerging
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EPD — Environmental Product Declarations

Increasingly required by construction sector customers, major retailers and export markets. An EPD documents the environmental impact of a product across its lifecycle and is becoming a differentiator in B2B procurement.

Product carbon support →
Emerging
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Supply chain Scope 3 disclosure

Large manufacturing customers and OEMs are beginning to require tier 1 and tier 2 suppliers to provide validated Scope 1, 2 and 3 carbon data as part of their own Scope 3 Category 1 measurement programmes.

Scope 3 support →
How we work with you

The SBS Net-Zero Program, adapted for manufacturing

Every SBS engagement starts from the same GHG Protocol and ISO 14064-1 aligned foundation, then adapts to your sector's specific emission sources, reporting requirements and operational realities.

Foundation of every engagement

The SBS Net-Zero Program: your dedicated Sustainability Team

We embed into your business as a retained Sustainability Team, not a one-off report provider. For manufacturing clients, this means ongoing support through regulatory changes, customer data requests and annual reporting cycles.

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Baseline footprint (Scope 1, 2 & 3) — process emissions, purchased energy, raw materials, logistics and product lifecycle
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ESOS and SECR compliance mapping — confirm obligations, assess current position, produce required reporting outputs
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CBAM product carbon assessment — product-level data for EU export categories in the transitional reporting phase
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Reduction strategy — energy efficiency, fuel switching, materials substitution and procurement policy pathway aligned to SBTi
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Annual reporting and supply chain engagement — ongoing measurement, customer carbon data requests and Scope 3 data collection
Book a free consultation →
Raw materials, energy and CBAM

Three supply chain challenges arriving at the same time

The manufacturing Scope 3 challenge is unlike any other sector. Raw material supply chains span continents, involve multiple processing stages and carry highly variable carbon intensities depending on origin, energy mix and manufacturing process. At the same time, CBAM is creating new legal obligations to understand and disclose the embedded carbon in specific product categories exported to the EU.

SBS applies industry-specific emission factors and manages supplier data collection campaigns to produce the Scope 3 and product carbon data your customers, regulators and export partners increasingly require.

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Raw material carbon intensity
Category 1 emission factor analysis for purchased metals, polymers, chemicals, packaging and other raw materials using industry databases and supplier-specific data where available.
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Logistics and distribution Scope 3
Outbound freight emissions across road, rail, air and sea using DESNZ-verified transport emission factors. Essential for CBAM transitional reporting and customer carbon data requests.
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CBAM product carbon data
Structured data collection to meet EU CBAM transitional reporting requirements for steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers and hydrogen products exported to the EU from 2023 onwards.
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Tier 1 supplier engagement
Supplier carbon questionnaire process to gather Scope 3 Category 1 primary data. We manage the supplier engagement, not just provide the template.
Organisations we support

Built for the full range of engineering and manufacturing businesses

From precision engineering and food production to industrial chemicals and automotive supply chains. Each sub-sector has distinct emission profiles, regulatory obligations and customer expectations.

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Precision Engineering

High-value, lower-volume manufacturers with complex CNC machining, tooling and specialist material supply chains. Customer ESG questionnaires and public sector supply chain requirements are key drivers.

ISO 14064 Customer ESG Scope 3
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Food and Drink Manufacturing

Agricultural supply chain emissions, refrigeration, packaging and logistics dominate the footprint. Customer sustainability commitments and retail code of practice requirements are increasing.

SECR ESOS Scope 3 agriculture
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Automotive Supply Chain

Tier 1 and tier 2 suppliers facing OEM-driven Scope 3 data requirements, CBAM exposure and science-based target mandates from major vehicle manufacturers.

CBAM SBTi Supply chain Scope 3
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Structural Steel and Metals

Processors and fabricators facing CBAM obligations, embodied carbon requirements from construction clients and SECR reporting for businesses meeting the size threshold.

CBAM SECR Embodied carbon
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Industrial Chemicals

High Scope 1 process emission intensity, CBAM exposure for fertiliser and hydrogen production, and complex supply chain carbon boundaries requiring specialist methodology.

CBAM ESOS ISO 14064
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Packaging Manufacturers

Extended Producer Responsibility obligations, retailer sustainability questionnaires and growing demand for product-level carbon data from FMCG customers and major retailers.

EPD Scope 3 Customer ESG
Common questions

Questions from engineering and manufacturing businesses

Not sure where your ESOS, SECR or CBAM obligations stand? Book a free call for a direct, no-jargon answer specific to your business.

Book a free call →
ESOS Phase 3 compliance was due December 2023. If you are in scope — 250 or more employees or meeting the energy threshold — and have not completed an energy audit and notified the Environment Agency, you are in breach and exposed to financial penalties. The recommended action is to conduct the audit as quickly as possible, submit the EA notification, and begin Phase 4 preparation. SBS can support the audit process and frame it within a broader energy and carbon reduction strategy rather than as a standalone exercise.
CBAM applies to EU importers of goods in covered categories — steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers, hydrogen and electricity — from countries without equivalent carbon pricing. UK exporters in these sectors are not directly liable, but their EU customers must report the embedded carbon of imported goods during the transitional phase. This means your EU customers will require carbon data from you. From 2026, EU importers will pay a financial charge based on embedded carbon, which will affect the competitiveness of higher-carbon UK exports.
Yes. Global supply chains are the norm for UK manufacturers and SBS is experienced in using a combination of supplier-specific data, industry-average emission factors, and spend-based estimation approaches to produce defensible Scope 3 measurement even where direct supplier data is limited. We also manage supplier data collection campaigns for Category 1 where primary data is required for CBAM or customer reporting purposes.
Customer ESG questionnaires typically request Scope 1, 2 and 3 totals, a description of your reduction approach, any science-based targets you hold, and increasingly a copy of your Carbon Reduction Plan or annual carbon report. SBS produces reporting that answers these questions directly and can support you in developing a standard carbon data pack that responds to common questionnaire formats used by major retailers, OEMs and public sector buyers.
An EPD is a standardised, third-party verified document that communicates the environmental impact of a product across its lifecycle, including carbon emissions from raw materials through to end of life. They are increasingly required by construction sector customers and are becoming a differentiator in B2B procurement across retail and industrial markets. SBS supports the underlying carbon footprinting that underpins EPD preparation, working with accredited EPD programme operators for verification.
Meet your obligations and win more business

Credible carbon reporting that works as hard as you do

Book a free 30-minute call. We will review your ESOS, SECR and CBAM position, assess your supply chain carbon data needs and outline a realistic net-zero pathway for your business.

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